Reflexive Verbs

I learned that a verb is reflexive when the infinitive has "se" attached to the end of the verb.  Reflexive mean it contains words that end in -self.  For example, myself, yourself,etc.  The word "se" is a third person reflexive pronoun.  "Se" also means himself, herself, themselves, yourself, or yourselves.  Reflexive pronoun uses the same four pronouns that direct object pronoun uses.  (me, nos, te, and os)

Negation

Negations are words in which you may have more than one negative word in a sentence.  I learned that if you have a negative after a verb, you must have a negative before the verb. For example, He never runs would be No corre nunca.  Also, if you already have a negative before the verb than you don't have to put "No" in front of it.

Comparisons

Comparison of inequality is when you refer to someone being sadder, happier, shorter, or taller than you.  Comparison of equality is when you refer to someone being just as tall, just as short, or just as pretty as you.  I also learned that tan mean "as", tanto and tanta means "as much", and tantos and tantas means "as many".  How you use these words depends on whether the word is singular, plural, masculine, or feminine.

Ser and Estar

Ser and Estar both means "to be".  Estar has three main uses 1. Progressive 2. Location and 3.  Adjectives to show condition. Ser has a lot of uses, Characteristics being one of them.  Condition is when you will use estar.  I also learned that you have to make sure to watch out for the predicate adjectives and predicate nouns.

Direct Object Pronouns

I learned that direct objects answers the questions of "whom" and "what".  I also learned that when you are using a direct object noun that is referring to a person, you must put an "a" in front.  If it isn't a person then you don't have to put an "a" in front of it.  Also, in Direct Object Pronouns you use me, te, lo, and la in the singular form.  In plural form, you use nos, os, los,  and las.

Saber and Conocer

Saber and Conocer both mean "to know" but they are used in diffent ways.  Saber is used when you are referring to information or to do something.  Conocer is used when you are familiar with a place or you know someone.  Both saber and conocer change when used in irregular singular form.  Saber is Se and Conocer is Conozco.

Stem Changing Verbs

I learned that the stem of a verb is what is left once you take away the -ar, -er, or -ir.  I learned that there are three common types of stem changing verbs.  Those types consist of changing "e" = "ie", "e" = "i", or "o"="ue".  Examples in Yo form would be Comenzar = Comienzo, Medir = Mido, and Dormir = Duermo