Reflexive Verbs

I learned that a verb is reflexive when the infinitive has "se" attached to the end of the verb.  Reflexive mean it contains words that end in -self.  For example, myself, yourself,etc.  The word "se" is a third person reflexive pronoun.  "Se" also means himself, herself, themselves, yourself, or yourselves.  Reflexive pronoun uses the same four pronouns that direct object pronoun uses.  (me, nos, te, and os)

Negation

Negations are words in which you may have more than one negative word in a sentence.  I learned that if you have a negative after a verb, you must have a negative before the verb. For example, He never runs would be No corre nunca.  Also, if you already have a negative before the verb than you don't have to put "No" in front of it.

Comparisons

Comparison of inequality is when you refer to someone being sadder, happier, shorter, or taller than you.  Comparison of equality is when you refer to someone being just as tall, just as short, or just as pretty as you.  I also learned that tan mean "as", tanto and tanta means "as much", and tantos and tantas means "as many".  How you use these words depends on whether the word is singular, plural, masculine, or feminine.

Ser and Estar

Ser and Estar both means "to be".  Estar has three main uses 1. Progressive 2. Location and 3.  Adjectives to show condition. Ser has a lot of uses, Characteristics being one of them.  Condition is when you will use estar.  I also learned that you have to make sure to watch out for the predicate adjectives and predicate nouns.

Direct Object Pronouns

I learned that direct objects answers the questions of "whom" and "what".  I also learned that when you are using a direct object noun that is referring to a person, you must put an "a" in front.  If it isn't a person then you don't have to put an "a" in front of it.  Also, in Direct Object Pronouns you use me, te, lo, and la in the singular form.  In plural form, you use nos, os, los,  and las.

Saber and Conocer

Saber and Conocer both mean "to know" but they are used in diffent ways.  Saber is used when you are referring to information or to do something.  Conocer is used when you are familiar with a place or you know someone.  Both saber and conocer change when used in irregular singular form.  Saber is Se and Conocer is Conozco.

Stem Changing Verbs

I learned that the stem of a verb is what is left once you take away the -ar, -er, or -ir.  I learned that there are three common types of stem changing verbs.  Those types consist of changing "e" = "ie", "e" = "i", or "o"="ue".  Examples in Yo form would be Comenzar = Comienzo, Medir = Mido, and Dormir = Duermo

Progressive

I learned that Progressive consist of two parts, the helping verb and the present participle.  In Spanish, you replace words ending in -ar with -ando. Words that end in -er and -ir are replaced by -iendo.  If there is a word that has "i" stuck between the two verbs you would change the "i" to "y". The word leer would be changed to leyendo.

Possessive adjectives

I learned that possessive adjectives consist of mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, and su.  I learned that mi, tu, and su only have singular and plural form because they don't end in -o.  Nuestro and vuestro have four forms because they end in -o.  The four forms are masculine singular and plural and feminine singular and plural. 

adjectives of nationality

Adjectives of nationality has four forms which are masculine singular and plural and feminine singular and plural.  I learned when a word end in a constant for example espanol, you would add -l, -la, -les, -las.  I learned that words that end in -dor are used just like adjectives of nationality. For example, -dora, -dores, -doras.

Regular Verbs

I learned that verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir are regular verbs.  I know that words ending in -er and -ir are similar to the verb -ar.  For -er the singular and plural words would end in -o, -es, -e and -emos, -eis, -en.  For -ir the singular and plural words end in -o, -es, -e and -imos, -is, -en.  The singular verbs for -er and -ir are the same.

AR Verbs

I learned with AR verbs you drop the -ar and add o, as, a when you are referring to singular 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person.  Also, you would add -amos, ais, and an when you are referring to plural 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person.

Adjective agreements

Adjective agreements are similar to nouns.  If a word end in -o it is masculine and if a word end in -a it is feminine.  If you want to make it plural, just make sure you add -os or -as.  Also i learned that when you are using adjectives, the adjective comes after the noun. So instead of saying green chair, you would say in spanish silla verde. I learned that adjectives that end in -o you would use o, a, os, as and adjectives ending with other vowels or constants you would use -s or -es.

Time

I learned that telling time in spanish is easy.  When you are telling time you are suppose to say "son las" before any number that follows. For example, if its is 12:15 i would say son las doce y cuarto.  The only time i would not use "son las" is in the event that it is 1:10.  At that time i would say Es la una y diez.  I also learned that anything past 30 you would count backwards.  For example, 1:35 would be son las dos menos veinte y cinco.  This was very interesting and i feel like i am learning alot.

SER

SER is a irregular verb that consist of am (soy), are (eres), is (es), somos, sois, and son.  I learned that soy, eres, es, somos, sois, and son mean different things. I also learned that you don't have to use subject pronouns in spanish.  You can put emphasizes on words such as yo but you can also clarify words by using el, ella, ud.

Articles and Plurals

In spanish, articles are words that begins with "el" or "la" and end in "o" or "a". Plurals are nouns that begins with "los" or "las" and end in "os"or "as".  I also know that when you use masculine words it will begin with "el" and when you use feminine words begins with "la".  Also, there are definite words and indefinite words.  Definite words are would be el, la, los, and las. Indefinite words would be un,una, unos, and unas.